Table 1 Socio-demographic profile of the study respondents, Punjab
From: Cost of diabetes and its complications: results from a STEPS survey in Punjab, India
Characteristics | (N = 720) (%) |
|---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 445 (62) |
Female | 275 (38) |
Residence | |
Urban | 480 (67) |
Rural | 240 (33) |
Marital status | |
Single | 96 (13) |
Married | 624 (87) |
Age group | |
Upto 20 years | 19 (03) |
21–40 years | 93 (13) |
41–60 years | 360 (50) |
60 years and Above | 248 (34) |
Work status | |
Salaried | 81 (11) |
Business | 274 (38) |
Student | 32 (04) |
Homemaker | 213 (30) |
Retired | 61 (09) |
Other | 59 (08) |
Education level | |
Illiterate | 41 (06) |
Primary | 218 (30) |
Secondary | 223 (31) |
Graduate | 189 (26) |
Post-graduate | 44 (06) |
Other | 05 (01) |
Monthly income | |
Less than ₹15,000 | 107 (15) |
₹ 15,000–₹ 30,000 | 232 (32) |
₹ 30,000–₹ 45,000 | 169 (24) |
₹ 45,000–₹ 60,000 | 104 (14) |
₹ 60,000 and above | 108 (15) |
Family type | |
Nuclear | 342 (47) |
Joint | 378 (53) |
History of diabetes in family | |
Yes | 384 (54) |
No | 336 (46) |
Diabetic in family* | |
Mother | 144 (30) |
Father | 113 (23) |
Both parents | 69 (14) |
Sibling | 133 (28) |
Children | 22 (05) |
Type of diabetes | |
Type-1 | 46 (06) |
Type-2 | 159 (23) |
Gestational diabetes | 02 (00) |
Don’t know | 513 (71) |
Complications | |
Yes | 374 (52) |
No | 346 (48) |
Macrovascular complications* | |
Coronary artery disease (CAD) | 97 (48) |
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | 04 (02) |
Hypoglycaemia | 19 (09) |
Peripheral vascular disease (PVC) | 81 (41) |
Microvascular complications* | |
Foot ulcer | 10 (03) |
Periodontitis complication | 77 (21) |
Retinopathy | 205 (55) |
Neuropathy | 10 (03) |
Nephropathy | 24 (06) |
Vasculopathy | 45 (12) |