Table 3 Government Transfer Payments, Public Services and Poverty Status
From: Escaping from poverty trap: a choice between government transfer payments and public services
Variables | Model I: Poverty = poverty_1 | Model II: Poverty = poverty_25% | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H_income | GTP | PTP | Poverty | H_income | GTP | PTP | Poverty | |
Panel A | ||||||||
H_ income | — | 0.1011c (17.36) | 0.0267c (3.06) | −0.004c (−12.84) | — | 0.1013c (17.39) | 0.0223c (2.56) | −0.0012c (−3.75) |
GTP | — | — | 0.771c (8.24) | 0.013c (5.03) | — | — | 0.774c (8.17) | 0.0085c (3.68) |
PTP | — | — | — | −0.033c (−12.77) | — | — | — | −0.026c (−10.93) |
Job | 1996.32c (15.32) | −497.10c (−16.71) | 212.35c (4.77) | −0.0653c (−4.21) | 1989.56c (15.27) | −497.46c (−16.72) | 225.62c (5.06) | −0.016 (−1.13) |
Gender | 72.21 (0.6) | −103.35c (−3.68) | −36.04 (−1.20) | 0.0172 (1.63) | 76.055 (0.63) | −103.50c (−3.68) | −36.9 (−1.23) | 0.00014 (0.01) |
Minority | 206.68 (0.78) | −6.14 (−0.10) | −46.84 (−0.73) | 0.00471 (0.21) | 205.31 (0.77) | −4.6096 (−0.07) | −48.34 (−0.76) | 0.0065 (0.32) |
Urban | 510.35c (4.59) | −265.44c (−8.42) | 136.15c (3.99) | −0.0347c (−2.81) | 524.87c (4.72) | −264.85c (−8.43) | 131.35c (3.83) | −0.0106 (−0.94) |
Political | −1368.42c (−5.74) | 86.214 (1.59) | 89.09 (1.56) | −0.0870c (−4.18) | −1361.34c (−5.71) | 86.1386 (1.59) | 84.22 (1.47) | −0.0472b (−2.49) |
Migrant | −147.84 (−0.50) | 63.961 (0.93) | 238.21c (3.36) | 0.0301 (1.16) | −147.02 (−0.50) | 64.102 (0.93) | 237.72c (3.35) | 0.0266 (1.13) |
Age | 95.84c (4.81) | −15.55c (−3.33) | 5.2356 (1.08) | −0.002 (−1.19) | 95.01c (4.77) | −15.61c (−3.34) | 5.845 (1.20) | −0.0048c (−3.16) |
Age2 | −0.7232c (−3.82) | 0.1366c (3.07) | −0.0564 (−1.22) | 0.000016 (1.00) | −0.7203c (−3.80) | 0.1372c (3.09) | −0.0598 (−1.29) | 0.00005c (3.15) |
Secondjob | 1124.22c (8.30) | −141.04c (−4.42) | −47.939 (−1.41) | −0.0759c (−6.22) | 1119.93c (8.27) | −141.22c (−4.42) | −39.02 (−1.15) | −0.1011c (−9.11) |
Private | 508.46c (2.87) | 5.8603 (0.17) | 517.74c (2.93) | 42.542 (1.28) | ||||
Agriculture | −2008.66c (−13.45) | 202.81c (5.67) | −1952.17c (−13.10) | 144.01c (4.12) | ||||
State | −410.03c (−3.35) | 419.54c (15.31) | −431.75c (−3.53) | 435.43c (16.01) | ||||
Secondedu | 1261.13c (12.59) | 1189.21c (11.38) | ||||||
Highedu | 4099.95c (17.96) | 4159.75c (18.15) | ||||||
Insurance | 1023.84c (10.13) | −0.0313c (−3.83) | 1038.62c (10.27) | −0.0560c (−7.70) | ||||
Water | 266.70c (2.72) | −0.0298c (−3.43) | 266.22b (2.71) | −0.0324c (−4.14) | ||||
Toilet | 1256.73c (11.68) | −0.0214b (−2.14) | 1262.19c (11.71) | −0.0256c (−2.76) | ||||
Hygiene | 327.59c (3.06) | −0.0381c (−4.59) | 330.90c (3.09) | −0.0476c (−6.46) | ||||
Fiveg | 59.07 (0.33) | −17.72 (−0.10) | ||||||
Single | −103.75c (−3.75) | −105.19c (−3.85) | ||||||
Car | 243.79c (4.23) | 185.48c (3.16) | ||||||
Air conditioner | 155.28c (2.74) | 167.42c (2.90) | ||||||
_cons | −2440.31c (−3.94) | 544.77c (3.83) | 35.736 (0.23) | 1.0960c (20.72) | −2408.40c (−3.88) | 546.61c (3.84) | 18.167 (0.12) | 0.7383c (15.37) |
Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
County | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Chi2() | 7592.34c | 3541.3c | 3335.4c | 2259.52c | 7580.97c | 3543.9c | 3315.7c | 1495.09c |
obs | 30628 | 30628 | 30628 | 30628 | 30628 | 30628 | 30628 | 30628 |
Panel B | Mechanisms | |||||||
Crowd-out Effect | −0.3875c (−4.70) | −0.8739c (−14.19) | ||||||
Inductive Effect | −2.705c (−43.39) | −4.244c (−27.61) | ||||||