Table 4 Government Transfer Payments, Public Services and Poverty Status Conversion
From: Escaping from poverty trap: a choice between government transfer payments and public services
Variable | Poverty = poverty_1 | Poverty = poverty_25% | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Change in Poverty | No Change in Poverty | Change in Poverty | No Change in Poverty | |||||
H_income | Poverty | H_income | Poverty | H_income | Poverty | H_income | Poverty | |
Panel A | ||||||||
H_income | −0.008c (−6.11) | −0.004c (−12.35) | −0.006b (−2.54) | −8.34e-04c (−2.89) | ||||
GTP | 0.0215c (5.08) | 0.0061b (1.97) | 0.012a (1.90) | 0.010c (4.58) | ||||
PTP | −0.012c (−2.40) | −0.035c (−13.23) | −0.016b (−2.14) | −0.023c (−10.34) | ||||
Insurance | 264.78 (1.47) | −0.0022 (−1.14) | 1213.09c (10.22) | −0.0483c (−5.21) | 103.46 (0.74) | −0.0316b (−1.98) | 1144.37c (9.68) | −0.0447c (−6.15) |
Water | 192.79 (1.22) | −0.0136 (−0.94) | 255.69b (2.20) | −0.0429c (−4.20) | 280.14b (2.22) | −0.0186b (−2.02) | 281.97b (2.39) | −0.0439c (−5.48) |
Toilet | 544.33c (3.05) | −0.0148a (−1.90) | 1529.19c (12.14) | −0.0214a (−1.78) | 310.41b (2.15) | −0.0017 (−1.09) | 1282.63c (10.27) | −0.0319c (−3.42) |
Hygiene | 61.44 (1.35) | −0.0108 (1.63) | 392.50c (3.13) | −0.0435c (−4.62) | 36.95 (1.28) | −0.0054 (−1.31) | 384.27c (2.98) | −0.0588c (−7.92) |
Other controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
County | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Chi2() | 6869.8c | 7499.35c | 5927.02c | 2674.41c | 735.65c | 7119.2c | 7128.01c | 1340.81c |
obs | 8468 | 8468 | 22160 | 22160 | 7121 | 7121 | 23507 | 23507 |
Panel B | Mechanisms | |||||||
Crowd-out Effect | −0.1461 (−0.67) | −0.5163c (−4.76) | 0.0129 (0.04) | −1.0567c (−15.63) | ||||
Inductive Effect | −2.4895c (−19.28) | −2.7305c (−38.35) | −2.6975c (−12.61) | −5.1667c (−24.18) | ||||