From: Escaping from poverty trap: a choice between government transfer payments and public services
Variable | Poverty = poverty_1 | Poverty = poverty_25% | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transfer/Subsidy as main income | Transfer as main income | Transfer/Subsidy as main income | Transfer as main income | |||||
H_income | Poverty | H_income | Poverty | H_income | Poverty | H_income | Poverty | |
Panel A | ||||||||
H_income | −0.00343a (−1.81) | −0.00123a (−1.86) | −0.0037a (−1.68) | −3.14E-04 (−1.19) | ||||
GTP | −0.0011 (−0.83) | −0.00184 (−1.48) | 0.0029b (2.00) | −6.26E-04 (−0.42) | ||||
PTP | −0.010c (−4.91) | −0.0095c (−5.48) | −0.008c (−3.40) | −0.006c (−2.79) | ||||
Insurance | 772.79c (6.76) | −0.01296 (−0.64) | 811.30c (6.28) | −0.0322 (−1.60) | 785.32c (6.86) | −0.0179 (−0.77) | 809.33c (6.27) | −0.0368 (−1.51) |
Water | −17.57 (−0.15) | −0.0350b (−1.98) | 54.0507 (0.41) | −0.00574 (−0.31) | −13.0575 (−0.11) | −0.040a (−1.94) | 56.0181 (0.42) | −0.0242 (−1.08) |
Toilet | 516.59c (4.59) | −0.0345a (−1.69) | 608.89c (4.77) | −0.03536a (−1.65) | 520.84c (4.62) | −0.0201 (−0.90) | 612.05c (4.80) | −0.0229 (−0.90) |
Hygiene | 28.3617 (1.22) | −0.0396b (−2.03) | −12.179 (−0.09) | −0.0458b (−2.33) | 28.4244 (1.22) | −0.074c (−3.24) | −12.998 (−0.09) | −0.098c (−4.09) |
Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
County | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Chi2() | 1178.3c | 837.60c | 1186.22c | 879.03c | 1177.3c | 832.85c | 1189.7c | 764.90c |
obs | 3693 | 3693 | 3069 | 3069 | 3693 | 3693 | 3069 | 3069 |
Panel B | Mechanisms | |||||||
Crowd-out Effect | −0.0268 (−0.59) | 0.0421 (1.05) | 0.5774c (2.92) | 0.4736c (2.7) | ||||
Inductive Effect | −0.3617c (−12.32) | −0.3739c (−11.74) | −0.9695c (−14.73) | −0.9962c (−14.31) |