The market for reproductive tourism: an analysis with special reference to Greece

Table 1 An international comparison of the cost of assisted reproduction

Country	Indicatory average treatment costs in Europe & the USA (in EUR)
Country	IVF (1)	Oocyte donation (2)	Embryo donation (3)	Preimplantation Genetic Screening (4)
UK	5800	14000	7000	4000
Germany	3000	not allowed	not allowed	(partially allowed): 3500
Italy	6000	not allowed (5)	not allowed (5)	(partially allowed): 3500
Denmark (6)	2500	5000	not allowed	3500
Spain	5000	9000	6000	4500
Czech Republic	1900	5000	2000	3000
Russia	2000	8000	5000	4000
Ukraine	1800	6000	3000	2000
Greece	3500	6000	3000	3000
Cyprus	3000	6000	3000	3000
USA	2000	15000	8000	6000

Notes: Rates in local currency, converted in EUR on xe.com in August 2013.
(1) Intended is IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
(2) Costs refer to oocyte donation using an exclusive female donor; in some countries, e.g. UK, there are shared programs (i.e., one female donor donates to more recipients, or a woman undergoing treatment herself, donates a part of her oocytes to another woman). Such programs cost less.
(3) There is a difference between embryo donation (which implies using embryos resulting from a female and a male donor) and embryo adoption (which implies the use of embryos left over from couples who do not need them any longer). Legislation in this regard varies among the countries. The costs in this table concern embryo donation.
(4) There are two methods for aneuploidy screening: The FISH method (fluorescence in situ hybridization) and CGH array (comparative genomic hybridization). This table refers to CGH array and the fees are based on an assumption of eight embryos.
(5) Legislation has meanwhile changed.
(6) Denmark does not allow donation of an embryo, only oocytes and sperm can be donated but one of the intended parents always have to be genetically related to the child.
Source(s): Compiled based on data from World Tourism Organization, ESHRE European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, HFEA Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority; & Connolly et al. [12]

ISSN: 2397-0642