Table 3 The prevalence of current drinking among young people in eight Asian countries
Country/region & year | Authors | Sample size | Levels of evidenceg | Age (years) | Prevalence of current drinking (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | All | |||||
WHO Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) | |||||||
 China, Beijing, 2003 | GSHS [66] | 2348 | 1 | 13–15 | 17.7 | 8.6 | 13.0 |
 China, Hangzhou, 2003 | GSHS [66] | 1802 | 1 | 13–15 | 20.9 | 15.0 | 18.1 |
 China, Wuhan, 2003 | GSHS [66] | 1947 | 1 | 13–15 | 19.7 | 9.7 | 14.8 |
 China, Wurumqi, 2003 | GSHS [66] | 2918 | 1 | 13–15 | 16.3 | 11.0 | 13.7 |
 Malaysia, 2012 | GSHS [66] | 25,507 | 1 | 13–17 | 11.0 | 6.3 | 8.6 |
 Mongolia, 2013 | GSHS [66] | 5393 | 1 | 13–17 | 10.8 | 7.1 | 8.9 |
 Thailand, 2015 | GSHS [66] | 5894 | 1 | 13–17 | 27.2 | 19.2 | 23.0 |
 Vietnam, 2013 | GSHS [66] | 3331 | 1 | 13–17 | 31.3 | 16.5 | 23.7 |
Other identified studies | |||||||
 China, Taiwan, 1994–96 | Lin et al. [67] | 4463 | 3 | 17–20 | – | – | 24.6 |
 China, Beijing and Shanghai, 2001–02 | Cheng et al., [68] | 1209 | 3 | 18–34 | – | – | 35.0 |
 China, Taipei, 2006 | Zabin et al., [69] | 4354 | 3 | 15–24 | 73.0c | 59.3c | – |
56.2e | 38.1e | ||||||
 China, Shanghai, 2006 | Zabin et al., [69]. | 6299 | 3 | 15–24 | 68.4c | 47.5c | – |
48.1e | 21.9e | ||||||
 China, 2009 | Ji et al., [70]. | 52,150 | 1 | 16–29 | 66.6 | 34.7 | 49.3 |
 China, Hong Kong, 2014–15 | Security Bureau of HK [71] | 95,788 | 1 | 10–21 | 21.2 | 19.2 | 20.2 |
 India, 1996–97 | Mohan et al., [42]. | 7037 | 3 | 15–29 | – | – | 8.9c 24.8f |
 India, 2003 | Wilsnack et al., [22] (GENACIS study) | 1641 | 3 | 18–34 | 33.8 | 1.8 | – |
 India, 2006 | Parasuraman et al., [72] | 73,062 | 1 | 15–24 | 11.0c | 1.0c | – |
28.8e | 1.4e | ||||||
 Japan, 1999 | Takaura and Wake [20] | 1466 | 3 | 9–17 | 41.8 | 35.1 | 38.4 |
 Japan, 2001 | Wilsnack et al. [22] (GENACIS study) | 575 | 2 | 18–34 | 93.9 | 88.3 | – |
 Japan, 2008 | Takakura [73] | 3248 | 3 | 15–18 | 19.9 | 20.2 | – |
 Japan, 2011 | WHO [8] | 9778 | 1 | 16–18 | 14.7 | 16.0 | 15.4 |
 South Korea, 2006 | Han et al. [18] | 70,486 | 1 | 12–19 | 11.0 | 9.1 | 10.4 |
 South Korea, 2012 | WHO [8] | 80,000 | 1 | 13–19 | 22.7 | 15.8 | 19.4 |
 Malaysia, 2011 | Mutalip et al. [19]. | 21,011 | 2 | 13–29 | – | – | 4.2b 14.0d |
 Malaysia, 2012 | Yusoff et al. [74] | 25,507 | 2 | 12–18 | – | – | 7.5 |
 Mongolia, 2009 | WHO [75] | 899 | 1 | 15–24 | – | – | 26.7 |
 Mongolia, 2010 | Demaio et al. [16] | 1100 | 3 | 15–24 | – | – | 22.0 |
 Thailand, 2007 | Assanangkornch et al. [76] | 6380 | 3 | 12–24 | 17.9a | 7.3a | 12.7 |
59.5e | 15.8e | ||||||
 Thailand 2007–08 | Pichainarong and Chaveepojnkamjorn [77] | 11,360 | 2 | 10–21 | 12.2 | 5.8 |  |
 Thailand, 2010–11 | Lohsoonthorn et al. [78] | 2854 | 3 | 18–20 | – | – | 34.2 |
Vietnam, Hanoi, 2006 | Zabin et al. [69] | 6363 | 3 | 15–24 | 65.4c | 28.3c | – |
54.6e | 18.8e | ||||||