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Table 1 Study characteristics

From: Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study ID

Study design

Sampling method

Age range

Sample size(Male/Female)

Number of events

Prevalence

BP measurement

Frequency of measurement

Interval for BP measurement(min)

Hypertension definition

Response rate

Survey year

Survey site

Area

Quality

Hypertension(Male/Female)

Prehypertension(Male/Female)

Hypertension(Male/Female)

Prehypertension(Male/Female)

Deewakar Sharma (2006)

Cross-sectional study

Systematic random sampling

18–97

1114 (541/573)

219 (120/99)

246

19.7 (22.2/17.3)

22.1 (NR)

Manual

2

NR

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

90.64

Feb to Jun 2005

Southern Kathmandu Valley

suburban

high

U. K. Shrestha (2006)

Cross-sectional study

Cluster sampling

≥ 40

1012 (423/589)

236 (99/137)

NR

23.3 (23.4/23.3)

NR

Manual

2

0.5

≥ 140/90

85.7

2001 to 2002

Seven urban municipalities

urban

high

Vaidya A (2007)a

Cross-sectional study

Simple random sampling

≥ 35

1000 (1000/0)

227 (227/−)

NR

- (22.7/−)

NR

Manual

2

5

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

NR

2004 to 2005

Dharan Municipality

urban

middle

Koju R (2010)

Cross-sectional study

Systematic random sampling

18–88

796 (306/490)

230 (88/142)

232

28.9 (28.8/29)

29.1 (NR)

Manual

2

30

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

69.22

2007

Dhulikhel Municipality

suburban

high

Sanjib Kumar Sharma (2010)b

Cross-sectional study

NR

18–97

8397 (3199/5185)

3009 (1341/1668)

3230 (1247/1983)

36 (42/32)

39 (39/38)

Manual

1

NR

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

NR

2007

Dharan\Tarahara\Damak\Biratnagar\Birtamod

urban

middle

Sanjib Kumar Sharma (2011)

Cross-sectional study

NR

20–100

14,422 (5327/8679)

4894 (2164/2603)

NR

34 (40.7/30)

NR

Manual

1

NR

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

NR

2007

Dharan\Tarahara\Damak\Biratnagar\Birtamod

urban

middle

KD Mehta (2011)

Cross-sectional study

NR

≥ 30

1938 (NR)

615 (NR)

752

31.7 (NR)

38.8 (NR)

Manual

2

5

≥ 140/90

93.85

Sep 2005 to Jul 2006

Sunsari District

both

middle

Chataut J (2011)

Cross-sectional study

NR

≥ 18

527 (214/313)

118 (70/48)

253

22.4 (32.7/15.3)

48 (NR)

Manual

2

NR

≥ 140/90

NR

NR

Bolde (a rural village in hilly region of central part of Nepal)

rural

low

Abhinav Vaidya (2012)

Cross-sectional study

NR

≥ 21

1218 (527/691)

412 (202/213)

NR

33.8 (38.3/30.8)

NR

Manual

1

NR

≥ 140/90

84

2006

Bhadrabas village area of Kathmandu Valley

rural

high

Rumana J Khan (2013)a

Cross-sectional study

NR

16.4–71.2

15,934 (0/15934)

530 (−/530)

2296

- (−/3.3)

-(−/14.4)

Digital

4

NR

≥ 140/90

96.75

2006 to 2008

Sarlahi District

rural

middle

Abhinav Vaidya (2013)

Cross-sectional study

Kish technique

25–59

777 (229/548)

168 (NR)

NR

21.6 (NR)

NR

Digital

3

5

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

93.92

Sep to Nov 2011

JD-HDSS of Bhaktapur District in the Kathmandu Valley

suburban

high

Sanjib Kumar Sharma (2013)

Cross-sectional study

NR

≥ 20

3218 (1542/1676)

1243 (NR)

NR

38.6 (NR)

NR

NR

NR

NR

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

NR

2003 to 2005

Four VDCs in Dharan Municipality

rural

middle

Adhikari K (2014)

Cross-sectional study

Systemic random sampling

15–64

1240 (665/575)

276 (165/111)

510 (285/225)

22.3 (24.8/19.3)

41.1 (42.8/39.1)

NR

NR

NR

≥ 140/91 OR medicine

NR

Mar to Jun 2013

Six urban and six rural districts

both

middle

Bhandari S (2014)a

Interventional study

NR

15–49

14,300 (0/14300)

948 (−/948)

NR

- (−/6.6)

NR

Manual

NR

NR

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

NR

2011 to 2012

VDCs of nine districts

rural

low

Koju R (2015)

Cross-sectional study

Multistage random cluster sampling

18–65

2100 (861/1239)

317 (187/130)

915

15.1 (21.7/10.5)

43.6 (NR)

Digital

2

2

≥ 140/90

99.6

May-13

Nationwide

both

high

Chataut J (2015)

Cross-sectional study

NR

≥ 18

648 (258/390)

133 (79/54)

302 (115/187)

20.5 (30.6/13.8)

46.6 (44.5/47.9)

Manual

NR

NR

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

NR

NR

Ramechap District

rural

low

Krishna Kumar Aryal (2015)

Cross-sectional study

Multistage random cluster sampling

15–69

4143 (1336/2807)

1065 (415/578)

NR

25.7 (31.1/20.6)

NR

Digital

3

3

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

98.2

Jan to June 2013

Nationwide

both

high

Raja Ram Dhungana (2016)

Cross-sectional study

Systematic random sampling

18–70

587 (242/345)

191 (93/98)

NR

32.5 (38.4/28.4)

NR

Manual

3

3

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

97.8

Jan to Jul 2015

Kageshwari-Manohara and Nagarjun Municipalities

urban

middle

Biraj M Karmacharya (2017)

Cross-sectional study

Simple random sampling

≥ 18

1073 (446/627)

298 (167/131)

NR

27.8 (37.4/20.9)

NR

Digital

3

NR

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

NR

Nov 2013 to Feb 2015

Dhulikhel Municipality

suburban

high

Dinesh Neupane (2017)

Cross-sectional study

Kish technique

25–65

2815 (971/1844)

838 (369/424)

NR

29.8 (38/23)

NR

Digital

3

NR

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

98

2013

Lekhnath Municipality

suburban

high

Mahesh Kumar Khana (2017)

Cross-sectional study

Multistage clustered sampling

≥ 30

1159 (335/824)

451 (161/290)

NR

38.9 (48.1/35.2)

NR

Digital

2

3

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

96.6

Jan to Dec 2016

Birendranagar Municipality of Surkhet District

Urban

High

Ministry of Health,Nepal (2017)

Cross-sectional study

Two stage stratified cluster sampling

≥ 15

14,494 (6059/8435)

2835 (1418/1417)

3961 (1903/2058)

19.6 (23.4/16.8)

27.3 (31.4/24.4)

Digital

3

5

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

99

Jun 2016 to Jan 2017

Nationwide

both

high

Basant Maharjan (2018)

Cross-sectional study

Proportionate probability sampling

20–59

580 (264/316)

215 (110/105)

130

37.0 (41.6/32.2)

22.4 (NR)

Digital

NR

NR

≥ 140/90 OR medicine

NR

Dec 2015 to Apr 2016

Kirtipur Municipality

urban

middle

  1. aThe study conducted among specific gender groups was only included in the gender-specific subgroup analysis.bThe study contained overlapped respondents with another study (Sanjib Kumar Sharma 2011), and was only included in the pre-hypertensive prevalence estimation
  2. NR not reported
  3. —: not applicable