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Table 3 Categories, sub-categories and examples from the Lancet series

From: A synthesis of implementation science frameworks and application to global health gaps

Category

Sub-categories

Examples

Malaria

NCDs

Maternal & child care

HIV/ AIDS

TB

DIAGNOSIS

Understanding disease and solution (intervention effectiveness)

Malaria: Resistance to drugs

M&CH: Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of nutritional interventions

L

 

L

H

H

Population's health status: burden of disease/ risk factors

NCDs: Estimate NCD burden of disease and risk factors

HIV/ AIDS: Need and context of specific populations

 

H

L

L

H

Context/ environment: External factors

Malaria: Consider situation of neighbors

M&CH: Infectious diseases, helminths, environmental enteropathy

L

 

H

  

Context/ environment: Internal factors

NCDs: Develop a national plan

HIV/ AIDS: Include people living with HIV in the decision-making process in policy design

 

H

H

H

 

Financing

M&CH: Financial effects

TB: Financing (cost of treatment)

  

H

 

H

PROVIDER

Workers' capacity (training)

NCDs: Strengthen capacity for change: human

M&CH: Workforce planning and upgrade specific skills

H

H

H

  

System's capacity

TB: Integrated health care

HIV/ AIDS: Operational convergence of HIV service-delivery platforms and other health issues

  

H

H

L

Protocols and guidelines

HIV/ AIDS: Clear treatment guidelines

TB: Standardization of treatment

  

H

H

H

Financing

NCDs: Strengthen capacity for change: financial

M&CH: Financing

 

H

H

 

H

INTERVENTION

Detection/ prevention

TB: New diagnostics (improving detection)

NCDs: Prevention and treatment programmes

H

H

 

L

L

Use of effective treatment

Malaria: Use effective treatment (primaquine)

TB: Use of effective, tried and tested interventions

H

H

L

H

L

Monitoring

NCDs: Monitoring

M&CH: Monitoring coverage levels

H

H

H

H

 

Scale/ coverage

M&CH: Equity in provision

HIV/ AIDS: Design targeted interventions (no one-size-fits-all approach)

  

L

L

L

RECIPIENT

Characteristics of the treated (individuals)

TB: Patient characteristics and the nature of their demands

Malaria: Mobile vs. non-mobile population

H

 

L

H

L

Characteristics of the untreated (community)

NCDs: Promote civil engagement

M&CH: Community empowerment, advocacy and engagement

H

H

L

 

H

ENVIRONMENT

External support/context (international community)

Malaria: Support from international institution

TB: Technical and financial support from countries

H

 

H

H

H

Internal support/ context (politics and society)

NCDs: Political leadership

HIV/ ADIS: Reform of justice systems

L

L

L

L

 

Internal conditions

TB: Overcrowding, indoor air pollution

M&CH: Food prices

  

L

 

L

Health system

M&CH: Health insurance and infrastructure

TB: Integrated health care

H

 

L

 

H

Financing

HIV/ AIDS: Investment in R&D

Malaria: Funding

  

L

H

L

EVALUATION

Evaluation system

TB: Monitoring and assessment

Malaria: Monitoring systems (surveillance): measurement of progress

H

 

L

  

Use of information

NCDs: Accountability: Review, assess and report progress

M&CH: Quality improvement mechanisms in health facilities

 

H

H

  

Data availability

M&CH: Quantity and quality of monitoring data

  

H

  

Total number of strategies proposed in the series

18

11

87

25

41

Median number of strategies for each sub-category

1

1

3.5

2

1.5