From: A synthesis of implementation science frameworks and application to global health gaps
Category | Sub-categories | Examples | Malaria | NCDs | Maternal & child care | HIV/ AIDS | TB |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DIAGNOSIS | Understanding disease and solution (intervention effectiveness) | Malaria: Resistance to drugs M&CH: Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of nutritional interventions | L | L | H | H | |
Population's health status: burden of disease/ risk factors | NCDs: Estimate NCD burden of disease and risk factors HIV/ AIDS: Need and context of specific populations | H | L | L | H | ||
Context/ environment: External factors | Malaria: Consider situation of neighbors M&CH: Infectious diseases, helminths, environmental enteropathy | L | H | ||||
Context/ environment: Internal factors | NCDs: Develop a national plan HIV/ AIDS: Include people living with HIV in the decision-making process in policy design | H | H | H | |||
Financing | M&CH: Financial effects TB: Financing (cost of treatment) | H | H | ||||
PROVIDER | Workers' capacity (training) | NCDs: Strengthen capacity for change: human M&CH: Workforce planning and upgrade specific skills | H | H | H | ||
System's capacity | TB: Integrated health care HIV/ AIDS: Operational convergence of HIV service-delivery platforms and other health issues | H | H | L | |||
Protocols and guidelines | HIV/ AIDS: Clear treatment guidelines TB: Standardization of treatment | H | H | H | |||
Financing | NCDs: Strengthen capacity for change: financial M&CH: Financing | H | H | H | |||
INTERVENTION | Detection/ prevention | TB: New diagnostics (improving detection) NCDs: Prevention and treatment programmes | H | H | L | L | |
Use of effective treatment | Malaria: Use effective treatment (primaquine) TB: Use of effective, tried and tested interventions | H | H | L | H | L | |
Monitoring | NCDs: Monitoring M&CH: Monitoring coverage levels | H | H | H | H | ||
Scale/ coverage | M&CH: Equity in provision HIV/ AIDS: Design targeted interventions (no one-size-fits-all approach) | L | L | L | |||
RECIPIENT | Characteristics of the treated (individuals) | TB: Patient characteristics and the nature of their demands Malaria: Mobile vs. non-mobile population | H | L | H | L | |
Characteristics of the untreated (community) | NCDs: Promote civil engagement M&CH: Community empowerment, advocacy and engagement | H | H | L | H | ||
ENVIRONMENT | External support/context (international community) | Malaria: Support from international institution TB: Technical and financial support from countries | H | H | H | H | |
Internal support/ context (politics and society) | NCDs: Political leadership HIV/ ADIS: Reform of justice systems | L | L | L | L | ||
Internal conditions | TB: Overcrowding, indoor air pollution M&CH: Food prices | L | L | ||||
Health system | M&CH: Health insurance and infrastructure TB: Integrated health care | H | L | H | |||
Financing | HIV/ AIDS: Investment in R&D Malaria: Funding | L | H | L | |||
EVALUATION | Evaluation system | TB: Monitoring and assessment Malaria: Monitoring systems (surveillance): measurement of progress | H | L | |||
Use of information | NCDs: Accountability: Review, assess and report progress M&CH: Quality improvement mechanisms in health facilities | H | H | ||||
Data availability | M&CH: Quantity and quality of monitoring data | H | |||||
Total number of strategies proposed in the series | 18 | 11 | 87 | 25 | 41 | ||
Median number of strategies for each sub-category | 1 | 1 | 3.5 | 2 | 1.5 |