Table 2 Prevalence (with 95% CI) of underweight, overweight and obesity according to BMI categorization among women of reproductive age in India
Characteristics | Underweight1, % | Overweight, % | Obesity, % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asian2 | WHO3 | Asian2 | WHO3 | ||
Age (years) | |||||
15–19 | 41.9 (41.5–42.4) | 7.5 (7.2–7.7) | 3.4 (3.2–3.6) | 1.8 (1.7–2.0) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) |
20–29 | 25.3 (25.0–25.6) | 19.3 (19.0–19.6) | 11.3 (11.1–11.6) | 6.5 (6.3–6.7) | 2.9 (2.8–3.0) |
30–39 | 15.7 (15.4–15.9) | 28.8 (28.4–29.1) | 20.7 (20.4–21.0) | 14.6 (14.2–14.9) | 7.0 (6.8–7.2) |
40–49 | 13.7 (13.4–13.9) | 31.5 (31.2–31.9) | 24.4 (24.1–24.8) | 18.6 (18.2–18.9) | 9.3 (9.1–9.6) |
Parity | |||||
Never pregnant | 34.4 (34.1–34.8) | 12.6 (12.4–12.8) | 6.7 (6.6–6.9) | 4.1 (4.0–4.3) | 2.0 (1.9–2.1) |
1–4 | 17.5 (17.3–17.7) | 27.4 (27.2–27.7) | 19.8 (19.5–20.0) | 13.9 (13.7–14.1) | 6.7 (6.6–6.9) |
≥ 5 | 21.9 (21.4–22.4) | 22.9 (22.5–23.4) | 15.4 (14.9–15.8) | 10.1 (9.8–10.5) | 4.8 (4.5–5.0) |
Hormonal contraceptive use | |||||
No | 23.2 (23.0–23.4) | 22.4 (22.2–22.6) | 15.4 (15.2–15.6) | 10.6 (10.5–10.8) | 5.1 (5.0–5.3) |
Yes | 15.9 (15.2–16.6) | 28.0 (27.2–28.9) | 18.3 (17.6–19.1) | 11.5 (10.9–12.2) | 5.2 (4.7–5.7) |
Marital status | |||||
Never married | 37.4 (37.0–37.8) | 10.7 (10.5–11.0) | 5.2 (5.0–5.4) | 2.9 (2.8–3.1) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) |
Married | 18.4 (18.2–18.5) | 26.4 (26.1–26.6) | 18.8 (18.5–19.0) | 13.1 (12.9–13.3) | 6.3 (6.1–6.4) |
Widowed | 18.0 (17.3–18.8) | 27.2 (26.2–28.2) | 19.2 (18.4–20.1) | 14.3 (13.4–15.2) | 7.3 (6.6–8.0) |
Divorced/separated | 20.1 (18.8–21.5) | 24.2 (22.6–25.8) | 17.3 (15.9–18.8) | 11.7 (10.4–13.0) | 5.3 (4.5–6.3) |
Religion | |||||
Hindu | 23.6 (23.4–23.8) | 22.2 (22.0–22.4) | 15.0 (14.8–15.2) | 10.0 (9.9–10.2) | 4.8 (4.6–4.9) |
Muslim | 21.5 (21.0–22.0) | 23.3 (22.8–23.8) | 17.1 (16.6–17.5) | 13.0 (12.5–13.5) | 6.5 (6.2–6.8) |
Others | 16.3 (15.6–17.1) | 27.1 (26.4–27.8) | 19.2 (18.5–19.9) | 14.2 (13.5–14.9) | 7.3 (6.8–7.8) |
Caste | |||||
Scheduled caste | 25.3 (24.9–25.7) | 20.9 (20.5–21.3) | 13.4 (13.1–13.8) | 8.4 (8.1–8.8) | 3.8 (3.6–4.0) |
Scheduled tribe | 31.7 (31.1–32.4) | 15.0 (14.5–15.5) | 8.1 (7.7–8.4) | 4.3 (4.0–4.6) | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) |
Other backward class | 22.9 (22.7–23.2) | 22.7 (22.4–23.0) | 15.6 (15.4–15.8) | 10.7 (10.5–10.9) | 5.2 (5.0–5.3) |
Other | 18.0 (17.7–18.4) | 26.5 (26.1–26.9) | 19.5 (19.1–19.8) | 14.5 (14.2–14.9) | 7.2 (7.0–7.5) |
Education level | |||||
No formal education | 24.6 (24.3–24.9) | 21.1 (20.8–21.4) | 13.2 (12.9–13.4) | 7.9 (7.7–8.2) | 3.7 (3.5–3.8) |
Primary | 22.0 (21.5–22.4) | 23.6 (23.1–24.0) | 16.4 (16.0–16.9) | 11.1 (10.7–11.5) | 5.3 (5.0–5.6) |
Secondary | 23.9 (23.7–24.2) | 22.1 (21.8–22.3) | 15.7 (15.5–15.9) | 11.4 (11.2–11.6) | 5.6 (5.4–5.7) |
Higher | 15.9 (15.5–16.4) | 27.4 (26.8–28.0) | 19.2 (18.6–19.7) | 13.5 (13.0–14.1) | 6.6 (6.2–7.0) |
Wealth quintile | |||||
Poorest | 35.8 (35.4–36.2) | 11.2 (10.9–11.4) | 5.0 (4.9–5.2) | 2.1 (2.0–2.2) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) |
Poorer | 29.5 (29.1–29.9) | 17.2 (16.9–17.5) | 9.5 (9.3–9.8) | 4.7 (4.5–4.9) | 1.8 (1.7–2.0) |
Middle | 23.1 (22.7–23.4) | 23.2 (22.8–23.5) | 14.9 (14.6–15.2) | 8.7 (8.4–8.9) | 3.8 (3.6–4.0) |
Richer | 17.1 (16.7–17.4) | 27.9 (27.5–28.3) | 20.8 (20.4–21.2) | 15.1 (14.8–15.5) | 7.4 (7.1–7.6) |
Richest | 11.6 (11.2–12.0) | 31.6 (31.1–32.1) | 25.2 (24.8–25.7) | 20.9 (20.4–21.4) | 11.0 (10.6–11.3) |
Place of residence | |||||
Urban | 15.5 (15.1–15.9) | 28.6 (28.2–29.1) | 22.2 (21.8–22.6) | 17.7 (17.3–18.1) | 9.1 (8.8–9.4) |
Rural | 26.8 (26.6–27.0) | 19.5 (19.3–19.7) | 12.0 (11.9–12.2) | 7.0 (6.9–7.1) | 3.1 (3.0–3.1) |
Region | |||||
Central | 27.9 (27.5–28.4) | 16.9 (16.5–17.2) | 10.3 (10.0–10.6) | 6.3 (6.1–6.6) | 2.9 (2.8–3.1) |
Eastern | 26.5 (26.1–27.0) | 19.6 (19.2–20.0) | 12.3 (12.0–12.7) | 7.1 (6.8–7.4) | 3.0 (2.8–3.2) |
Northeastern | 22.1 (21.4–22.7) | 21.5 (20.9–22.0) | 12.2 (11.7–12.6) | 5.9 (5.6–6.2) | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) |
Northern | 21.4 (21.1–21.8) | 22.8 (22.6–23.1) | 15.2 (15.0–15.5) | 10.5 (10.3–10.7) | 5.1 (5.0–5.3) |
Southern | 17.0 (16.6–17.4) | 28.4 (27.9–28.8) | 21.5 (21.0–21.9) | 16.1 (15.6–16.5) | 8.1 (7.8–8.4) |
Western | 25.2 (24.7–25.8) | 21.9 (21.4–22.3) | 15.5 (15.0–15.9) | 11.3 (10.9–11.8) | 5.6 (5.3–5.9) |
Overall | 22.9 (22.7–23.1) | 22.6 (22.5–22.8) | 15.5 (15.4–15.7) | 10.7 (10.5–10.8) | 5.1 (5.0–5.3) |