Characteristics | Asian | WHO | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COR | (95% CI) | AOR | (95% CI) | COR | (95% CI) | AOR | (95% CI) | |
Age (in years) | ||||||||
15–19 | 2.28 (2.22–2.34) | 2.07 (2.00–2.13) | 3.00 (2.91–3.08) | 2.58 (2.51–2.66) | ||||
20–29 | 1.37 (1.33–1.41) | 1.53 (1.50–1.57) | 1.61 (1.57–1.65) | 1.81 (1.77–1.85) | ||||
30–39 | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 1.08 (1.06–1.11) | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | 1.15 (1.12–1.17) | ||||
40–49 (Ref.) | 1.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Parity | ||||||||
Never pregnant | 1.45 (1.40–1.49) | 0.82 (0.79–0.85) | 1.60 (1.56–1.65) | 0.80 (0.77–0.83) | ||||
1–4 | 0.87 (0.85–0.90) | 0.88 (0.86–0.91) | 0.82 (0.80–0.85) | 0.85 (0.83–0.88) | ||||
≥ 5 (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Hormonal contraceptive use | ||||||||
No | 1.49 (1.41–1.57) | 1.17 (1.13–1.21) | 1.58 (1.49–1.66) | 1.20 (1.16–1.24) | ||||
Yes (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Marital status | ||||||||
Never married | 1.67 (1.52–1.83) | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | 1.90 (1.74–2.07) | 1.26 (1.18–1.35) | ||||
Married | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) | 0.87 (0.82–0.93) | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) | 0.84 (0.79–0.90) | ||||
Widowed | 0.97 (0.88–1.08) | 0.96 (0.90–1.04) | 0.93 (0.84–1.02) | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | ||||
Divorced/separated (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Religion | ||||||||
Hindu | 1.39 (1.31–1.46) | 1.56 (1.51–1.60) | 1.46 (1.38–1.54) | 1.61 (1.56–1.65) | ||||
Muslim | 1.32 (1.25–1.41) | 1.51 (1.47–1.57) | 1.37 (1.29–1.45) | 1.51 (1.47–1.56) | ||||
Others (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Caste | ||||||||
Scheduled caste | 1.27 (1.23–1.31) | 1.12 (1.10–1.15) | 1.35 (1.31–1.39) | 1.14 (1.12–1.16) | ||||
Scheduled tribe | 1.47 (1.42–1.53) | 0.96 (0.94–0.99) | 1.67 (1.61–1.73) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | ||||
Other backward class | 1.19 (1.16–1.23) | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | 1.25 (1.21–1.28) | 1.10 (1.08–1.12) | ||||
Others (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Education | ||||||||
No formal education | 1.44 (1.38–1.49) | 1.35 (1.31–1.39) | 1.54 (1.48–1.60) | 1.41 (1.37–1.45) | ||||
Primary | 1.37 (1.31–1.43) | 1.24 (1.20–1.28) | 1.43 (1.37–1.49) | 1.26 (1.22–1.30) | ||||
Secondary | 1.52 (1.47–1.58) | 1.17 (1.14–1.20) | 1.60 (1.54–1.66) | 1.17 (1.14–1.20) | ||||
Higher (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Wealth quintile | ||||||||
Poorest | 2.19 (2.09–2.29) | 1.99 (1.93–2.05) | 2.78 (2.65–2.91) | 2.33 (2.26–2.40) | ||||
Poorer | 1.89 (1.80–1.98) | 1.69 (1.64–1.73) | 2.26 (2.15–2.36) | 1.90 (1.85–1.95) | ||||
Middle | 1.59 (1.51–1.67) | 1.42 (1.38–1.45) | 1.79 (1.71–1.88) | 1.53 (1.49–1.57) | ||||
Richer | 1.33 (1.26–1.39) | 1.24 (1.20–1.27) | 1.41 (1.34–1.48) | 1.28 (1.25–1.32) | ||||
Richest (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Place of residence | ||||||||
Urban (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Rural | 1.41 (1.37–1.45) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | 1.58 (1.53–1.62) | 1.09 (1.07–1.11) | ||||
Region | ||||||||
Central | 1.20 (1.17–1.24) | 1.26 (1.23–1.29) | 1.29 (1.25–1.32) | 1.31 (1.28–1.33) | ||||
Eastern | 1.20 (1.16–1.23) | 1.21 (1.19–1.23) | 1.24 (1.20–1.28) | 1.23 (1.20–1.25) | ||||
Northeastern | 0.92 (0.88–0.96) | 0.81 (0.79–0.83) | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) | 0.80 (0.78–0.83) | ||||
Northern (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Southern | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) | 1.15 (1.12–1.18) | 0.86 (0.83–0.89) | 1.12 (1.09–1.14) | ||||
Western | 1.28 (1.24–1.33) | 1.55 (1.52–1.58) | 1.28 (1.23–1.32) | 1.59 (1.56–1.62) |