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Table 2 Trends in the performance of the Ghanaian health system

From: Frameworks for health systems performance assessment: how comprehensive is Ghana’s holistic assessment tool?

Indicator2012201320142015201620172018
Health status indicators:
 Life expectancy at birth, total (years)61.5661.8662.1562.4562.7463.0363.4
 Death rate, crude (per 1000 people)8.88.78.48.38.18.0
 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births)2928272625.124.2
 Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births)44.842.840.738.937.235.7
 Under-5 mortality rate (per 1000 live births)65.261.55854.751.849.3
 Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15–49)1.91.81.81.71.71.71.7
 Malaria under-5 case fatality rate0.760.690.540.510.320.20.16
 Tuberculosis treatment success rate84858785868786
 DALY rate per 100,000 individuals52,138.750,693.749,503.348,514.947,401.845,910.5
Health workforce indicators:
 Physician to population ratio1:11,5151;10,1701:90431:89341:83011:81001:7196
 Nurse to population ratio1:13621:10841:9591:8651:8341:7991:839
 Midwife to women in fertility age ratio1:16111:15251:13741:12161:9431:7461:689
Health financing indicators:
 Total health expenditure as a % of GDP5.56.15.66.14.4
 Health expenditure as a % of government expenditure7.69.310.67.06.86.5
 Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)39.838.945.135.837.8
 Per capita expenditure on health (US$)89.85111.0481.5282.4167.51
Health services utilization:
 Outpatient services utilization per capita1.171.161.151.081.060.981.05
  1. DALY Disability Adjusted Life Years.
  2. Data sources: Ministry of Health Ghana Holistic Assessment Report, 2014–2018; The World Bank; National Health Account of Ghana, 2015; Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, 2014.