Subgroups | No. of studies | Pooled | 95% CI | I2 (%) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | |||||
 East | 23 | 0.173 | 0.139–0.213 | 99.844 | < 0.001 |
 North | 16 | 0.174 | 0.134–0.222 | 99.241 | < 0.001 |
 Northeast | 6 | 0.246 | 0.163–0.353 | 99.873 | < 0.001 |
 Northwest | 18 | 0.155 | 0.121–0.197 | 97.447 | < 0.001 |
 South Central | 26 | 0.207 | 0.170–0.249 | 99.373 | < 0.001 |
 Southwest | 6 | 0.158 | 0.102–0.236 | 99.779 | < 0.001 |
 Overall | 95 | 0.181 | 0.163–0.201 | 99.734 | 0.281 |
Sex | |||||
 Females | 83 | 0.110 | 0.096–0.126 | 99.678 | < 0.001 |
 Males | 89 | 0.227 | 0.202–0.254 | 99.447 | < 0.001 |
 Overall | 172 | 0.163 | 0.149–0.178 | 99.613 | < 0.001 |
Study type | |||||
 Cross-sectional | 94 | 0.181 | 0.164–0.200 | 99.761 | < 0.001 |
 Cohort | 9 | 0.119 | 0.082–0.169 | 95.073 | < 0.001 |
 Case control | 4 | 0.149 | 0.088–0.240 | 94.186 | < 0.001 |
 Overall | 107 | 0.174 | 0.158–0.191 | 99.735 | 0.062 |