Table 4 Associations between confounders of the main association and area of residencea
Variable | Category | Wt% (95% CI)b inurban areas | Wt% (95% CI)b in rural areas | P-valuec |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mother’s highest education level | None | 66.2 (62.7–69.4) | 88.0 (85.5–90.1) | < 0.001 |
Primary | 13.9 (12.1–15.9) | 6.4 (5.5–7.3) | ||
Secondary | 15.2 (13.1–17.6) | 4.9 (3.7–6.6) | ||
Higher | 4.7 (3.4–6.6) | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | ||
Husband’s highest education level (N = 19,485) | None | 40.2 (36.7–43.8) | 62.8 (60.2–65.4) | < 0.001 |
Primary | 17.8 (16.2–19.5) | 13.8 (12.6–15.2) | ||
Secondary | 28.7 (25.8–31.7) | 19.0 (17.4–20.7) | ||
Higher | 13.4 (10.9–16.2) | 4.4 (3.7–5.1) | ||
Number ANC visits (N = 19,297) | 0 | 28.0 (24.5–31.7) | 42.1 (38.0–46.3) | < 0.001 |
1 | 11.4 (9.4–13.9) | 12.5 (11.4–13.7) | ||
2 | 14.2 (12.0–16.7) | 19.2 (17.5–21.0) | ||
3 | 14.1 (11.9–16.7) | 12.3 (10.5–14.4) | ||
4+ | 32.3 (29.1–35.8) | 13.9 (12.5–15.4) | ||
Combined wealth index | Poorest | 3.4 (1.8–6.4) | 24.9 (22.4–27.7) | < 0.001 |
Poorer | 2.1 (1.4–3.3) | 25.6 (23.7–27.7) | ||
Middle | 3.2 (2.4–4.1) | 25.7 (23.4–28.2) | ||
Richer | 21.0 (16.9–25.7) | 20.6 (18.2–23.2) | ||
Richest | 70.4 (64.6–75.5) | 3.1 (1.9–5.2) | ||
Distance to health facility (N = 19,690) | Big problem | 47.6 (42.9–52.4) | 74.3 (71.7–76.8) | < 0.001 |
Not a big problem | 52.4 (47.6–57.1) | 25.7 (23.2–28.4) | ||
Getting permission to seek medical care(N = 19,688) | Big problem | 36.4 (33.6–39.2) | 55.8 (51.6–59.9) | < 0.001 |
Not a big problem | 63.6 (60.8–66.4) | 44.2 (40.1–48.4) |