Table 3 Antimicrobials used by farmers in commercial poultry production in Chitwan District Nepal, n = 150 farmers
Antibiotic Drug Class | Farmer No. N = 150 (%) | Self-Reported Antibiotic Drug | ATCvet Code | Farmer No. N = 150 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Amphenicol | 1 (0.7) | Chloramphenicol | QG01AA05 | 1 (0.7) |
Aminoglycoside | 35 (23.3) | Amikacin | QJ01GB06 | 8 (5.3) |
Gentamicin | QJ01GB03 | 26 (17.3) | ||
Neomycin | QJ01GB05 | 1 (0.7) | ||
Beta-lactam | 3 (2.0) | Amoxicillin | QJ01CA04 | 3 (2.0) |
Cephalosporin | 14 (9.3) | Cefalexin | QJ01DB01 | 11 (7.3) |
Cefuroxime | QJ01DC02 | 3 (2.0) | ||
Fluoroquinolone | 45 (30.0) | Ciprofloxacin | QJ01MA02 | 14 (9.3) |
Enrofloxacin | QJ01MA90 | 12 (8.0) | ||
Fluoroquinolone | QJ01MA | 3 (2.0) | ||
Levofloxacin | QJ01MA12 | 13 (8.7) | ||
Lincosamide | 1 (0.7) | Lincomycin | QJ01FF02 | 1 (0.7) |
Macrolide | 32 (21.3) | Azithromycin | QJ01FA10 | 4 (2.7) |
Erythromycin | QJ01FA01 | 4 (2.7) | ||
Tylosin | QJ01FA90 | 24 (16.0) | ||
Oxazolidinone | 3 (2.0) | Furazolidone (Furasil) | QJ01XE90 | 3 (2.0) |
Polypeptide | 52 (34.7) | Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate (BMD) | QJ01XX10 | 6 (4.0) |
Colistin | QJ01XB01 | 46 (30.7) | ||
Pleuromutilin | 5 (3.3) | Tiamulin | QJ01XQ01 | 5 (3.3) |
Sulfonamide | 7 (4.7) | Sulfonamide | QJ01EQ | 7 (4.7) |
Tetracycline | 18 (12.0) | Chlortetracycline | QJ01AA03 | 8 (5.3) |
Doxycycline | QJ01AA02 | 10 (6.7) | ||
Combination drug class formulations | 139 (92.7) | Colidox (Colistin + Doxycycline) | QA07AA98 | 10 (6.7) |
Dimoxan (Colistin + Amoxicillin) | QA07AA98 | 12 (8.0) | ||
Neodox (Neomycin + Doxycycline) | QJ51RG01 | 107 (71.3) | ||
Sulphatrim (Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim) | QJ01EW | 10 (6.7) | ||
Don’t know | 1 (0.7) | – | – | 1 (0.7) |
Don’t use antibiotics | 1 (0.7) | – | – | 1 (0.7) |