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Table 2 Knowledge and practices on ANC, pregnancy, delivery and PNC

From: Health problems and utilization of health services among Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals in Bangladesh

ANC, pregnancy and PNC care

FDMN in makeshift settlement

n (%)

FDMN in host community

n (%)

Host community

n (%)

Total

n (%)

P value

Knowledge on required ANC visits in one pregnancy

2 ANC visits

8 (1.9)

9 (2.5)

3 (1.4)

20 (2)

< 0.001

3 ANC visits

119 (27.8)

153 (42.9)

116 (54.2)

388 (38.8)

 

4 and more ANC visits

246 (57.5)

92 (25.8)

67 (31.3)

405 (40.5)

 

Don’t know

55 (12.9)

103 (28.9)

28 (13.1)

186 (18.6)

 

Episodes of ANC visits received in last pregnancy

Did not do ANC visit

51 (11.9)

187 (52.4)

51 (23.8)

289 (28.9)

< 0.001

One ANC visit

25 (5.8)

47 (13.2)

27 (12.6)

99 (9.9)

 

2 ANC visits

34 (7.9)

37 (10.4)

36 (16.8)

107 (10.7)

 

3 ANC visits

148 (34.6)

69 (19.3)

75 (35.0)

292 (29.2)

 

4 or more ANC visits

170 (39.7)

17 (4.8)

25 (11.7)

212 (21.2)

 

Common places where ANC service was received

Government health facility

41 (10.9)

74 (44)

54 (33.1)

169 (23.9)

< 0.001

NGO run clinic

329 (87.5)

99 (58.9)

88 (54)

516 (73)

 

Private health facility

27 (7.2)

12 (7.1)

36 (22.1)

75 (10.6)

 

Person seen for last ANC visit

     

Trained health personnela

349 (92.6)

162 (95.3)

149 (91.4)

660 (93)

0.003

Non-trained personnelb

70 (18.6)

11 (6.5)

27 (16.6)

108 (15.2)

 

Number of TT vaccine during last pregnancy

TT vaccine given

336 (78.5)

291 (81.5)

193 (90.2)

820 (82.1)

0.001

Mean numbers

2

3

2

2

 

Knowledge about danger signs of pregnancyc

Not known at all

48 (11.2)

60 (16.8)

20 (9.3)

128 (12.8)

0.028

At least two danger signs

203 (47.4)

176 (49.3)

105 (49.1)

484 (48.4)

 

Known at least three or more danger signs

177 (41.4)

121 (33.9)

89 (41.6)

387 (38.7)

 

Suffered any complications during last pregnancy/birth

Yes, suffered complicationsd

124 (29.0)

87 (24.4)

81 (37.9)

292 (29.2)

0.003

No, did not suffer complications

304 (71.0)

270 (75.6)

133 (62.1)

707 (70.8)

 

Health facility visited for complications management

Government health facility

23 (19)

17 (20.7)

19 (24.1)

59 (20.9)

< 0.001

NGO run clinic

84 (69.4)

31 (37.8)

18 (22.8)

133 (47.2)

 

Private health facility

14 (11.6)

34 (41.5)

42 (53.2)

90 (31.9)

 

Place of last birth

     

Home

326 (76.2)

344 (96.4)

181 (84.6)

851 (85.2)

< 0.001

Government health facility

15 (3.5)

6 (1.7)

19 (8.9)

40 (4)

 

NGO Clinic

83 (19.4)

3 (0.8)

8 (3.7)

94 (9.4)

 

Private health facility

4 (0.9)

4 (1.1)

6 (2.8)

14 (1.4)

 

Person assisted for delivery at health facility

Trained health personnel

169 (75.4)

27 (30)

39 (38.6)

235 (56.6)

< 0.001

Non-trained personnel

85 (37.9)

64 (71.1)

63 (62.4)

212 (51.1)

 

Trained health personnel

169 (75.4)

27 (30)

39 (38.6)

235 (56.6)

 

Number of last PNC visits

1 PNC visit

60 (26.8)

32 (35.6)

36 (35.6)

128 (30.8)

0.362

2 PNC visits

79 (35.3)

26 (28.9)

28 (27.7)

133 (32)

 

3 PNC visits

53 (23.7)

22 (24.4)

19 (18.8)

94 (22.7)

 

4 or more PNC visits

32 (14.3)

10 (11.1)

18 (17.8)

60 (14.5)

 

Places for PNC check-up

Government health facility

15 (6.9)

9 (10.7)

18 (18.6)

42 (10.6)

< 0.001

NGO run clinic

169 (77.9)

21 (25)

13 (13.4)

203 (51)

 

Private health facility

33 (15.2)

54 (64.3)

66 (68)

153 (38.4)

 
  1. aMedical doctor, Nurse/midwife/paramedic, Family welfare visitor, Community skilled birth attendant, Medical Assistant/SACMO, Health Assistant, Family welfare assistant
  2. bTraditional birth attendant, unqualified doctor, NGO worker
  3. cDanger signs of pregnancy (per vaginal bleeding, severe headache, leaking of fluid from the vagina, Abdominal pain, sudden blur vision, high fever, convulsion, prolonged labor)
  4. dComplications during the last pregnancy/birth: convulsion, difficulty in breathing/fast breathing, infection of umbilical stump, unable to suck or difficulty in feeding, low/high body temperature, lathery