Table 5 Determinants of informal payments using the Tobit regression model
From: Informal payments in public hospitals in Malawi: the case of Kamuzu Central Hospital
Characteristics | Informal payment in cash initiated by the client | Informal payment in cash initiated by the health care worker | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | β | (SE) | β | (SE) |
Gender (Ref: Female) | ||||
Male | − 8624.096* | 1633.17 | − 3705.45 | 1861.90 |
Marital status (Ref: married) | ||||
Divorced/separated | 3863.07 | 3199.02 | 5350.42 | 3919.59 |
Widowed | 14,084.74 | 8872.56 | – | – |
Never married | 645.23 | 2538.07 | − 1153.66 | 2837.98 |
Age group (Ref: 18 to 25 years) | ||||
Above 25 to 35 years | 1022.65 | 3304.85 | 1140.85 | 3761.68 |
Above 35 to 45 years | 429.59 | 3373.28 | – 175.33 | 3854.58 |
Above 45 to 55 years | 7391.60 | 3670.62 | 6861.87 | 4159.00 |
Above 55 years | 7010.35 | 3908.23 | 9006.57 | 4989.25 |
Occupation (Ref: formal employment) | ||||
Self-employed | − 4943.29* | 1819.99 | − 5908.32* | 2030.74 |
Not employed | − 4686.75* | 2188.09 | − 4798.52 | 2679.21 |