Table 1 Summary of selected characteristics of the 210 included studies
Characteristic | No. (%) |
|---|---|
Year of publication | |
1800–1820 | 1 (0.5) |
1821–1840 | 0 (0) |
1841–1860 | 1 (0.5) |
1861–1880 | 0 (0) |
1881–1900 | 0 (0) |
1901–1920 | 2 (1) |
1921–1940 | 1 (0.5) |
1941–1960 | 7 (3) |
1961–1980 | 14 (7) |
1981–2000 | 33 (16) |
2001–2020 | 151 (72) |
Populations | |
Military | 173 (82) |
Military and civilian | 34 (16) |
Civilian | 2 (1) |
Unspecified | 1 (0.5) |
Military type | |
Army | 89 (42) |
Training base | 51 (24) |
Navy | 30 (14) |
Air Force | 20 (10) |
Marine Corps | 19 (9) |
Hospital | 6 (3) |
Academic institution | 6 (3) |
Medical Corps | 2 (1) |
Coast Guard | 0 (0) |
Unspecified | 35 (17) |
Method of data collection | |
Laboratory testing | 156 (74) |
Questionnaire | 112 (53) |
Interview | 60 (29) |
Medical record review | 48 (23) |
Environmental sampling (food or water sources) | 28 (13) |
Observations (i.e., physical examination) | 14 (7) |
Focus group | 2 (1) |
Participant journal/diary | 1 (0.5) |
Type of infectious disease | |
Foodborne/waterborne | 84 (40) |
Droplets | 73 (35) |
Sexually transmitted and bloodborne infections | 30 (14) |
Vector borne | 29 (14) |
Airborne | 15 (7) |
Close contact1 | 11 (5) |
Unspecified | 2 (0.9) |
Disease incidence2 | |
Confirmed3 incidence from microbiological testing | 136 (65) |
Suspected4 incidence only | 27 (13) |
Incidence not reported | 47 (22) |
Disease transmission populations | |
Military to military | 183 (87) |
Military to civilian | 25 (12) |
Civilian to military | 25 (12) |
Vector to military | 15 (7) |
Civilian to civilian | 3 (1) |
Vector to civilian | 2 (1) |
Military to vector to military | 1 (0.5) |
Unspecified | 6 (3) |