From: Association between intimate partner violence and nutritional status of married Nepalese women
 |  | Preceding Year Intimate Partner Violence (Model 1) | Lifetime Intimate Partner Violence (Model 2) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Overweight | Underweight | Overweight | Underweight | |||||
Covariates | Categories | AOR | AOR 95% CI | AOR | AOR 95% CI | AOR | AOR 95% CI | AOR | AOR 95% CI | |
Emotional IPV | None (Reference) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Low | 1.617* | (1.018–2.566) | 0.655 | (0.373–1.150) | 1.694* | (1.114–2.576) | 1.153 | (0.714–1.861) | ||
Moderate | 0.655 | (0.275–1.561) | 0.660 | (0.295–1.474) | 1.159 | (0.618–2.173) | 1.720 | (0.912–3.244) | ||
High | 0.644 | (0.160–2.591) | 1.002 | (0.297–3.381) | 0.700 | (0.348–1.406) | 1.203 | (0.645–2.244) | ||
Physical IPV | None (Reference) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
 | Low | 0.972 | (0.600–1.575) | 1.101 | (0.699–1.733) | 1.874 | (0.726–4.836) | 0.737 | (0.257–2.115) | |
 | Moderate | 3.700** | (1.640–8.348) | 1.131 | (0.480–2.667) | 1.524 | (0.552–4.212) | 1.330 | (0.451–3.919) | |
 | High | NR | NR | 1.278 | (0.336–4.862) | 2.443 | (0.853–7.002) | 1.636 | (0.545–4.913) | |
Sexual IPV | None (Reference) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |||
 | Low | 0.713 | (0.353–1.440) | 1.077 | (0.571–2.030) | 1.341 | (0.665–2.706) | 0.723 | (0.347–1.508) | |
 | Moderate | 0.895 | (0.348–2.304) | 2.591* | (1.099–6.108) | 0.844 | (0.384–1.854) | 1.121 | (0.524–2.400) | |
 | High | 1.014 | (0.075–13.725) | 0.411 | (0.039–4.352) | 0.919 | (0.392–2.158) | 1.601 | (0.747–3.433) | |
Control behavior | None (Reference) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Low | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.987 | (0.772–1.261) | 0.822 | (0.612–1.104) | ||
Moderate | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.335 | (0.966–1.846) | 1.015 | (0.718–1.435) | ||
 | High | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.109 | (0.646–1.905) | 0.632 | (0.347–1.153) | |
Ever sought help | Never experienced IPV (Reference) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |||
No | 0.559 | (0.298–1.049) | 1.191 | (0.649–2.184) | 0.570 | (0.303–1.072) | 1.224 | (0.667–2.247) | ||
Yes | 0.619 | (0.322–1.188) | 0.757 | (0.383–1.496) | 0.601 | (0.312–1.157) | 0.708 | (0.356–1.408) | ||
Experienced injury | Never experienced IPV (Reference) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |||
 | No | 1.337 | (0.683–2.619) | 0.936 | (0.488–1.795) | 0.681 | (0.220–2.111) | 0.969 | (0.295–3.187) | |
 | Yes | 0.674 | (0.318–1.431) | 0.937 | (0.461–1.905) | 0.358 | (0.100–1.282) | 0.665 | (0.181–2.443) | |
Age (Yrs.) |  | 1.047*** | (1.035–1.059) | 0.991 | (0.978–1.004) | 1.048*** | (1.037–1.060) | 0.989 | (0.976–1.003) | |
Place | Rural (Reference) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 | Urban | 1.786*** | (1.463–2.182) | 0.816 | (0.660–1.030) | 1.783*** | (1.467–2.178) | 0.821 | (0.659–1.031) | |
Ethnicity | Terai Dalit (Reference) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |||
 | Hill Brahmin | 1.119 | (0.601–2.072) | 0.233*** | (0.133–0.396) | 1.155 | (0.619–2.149) | 0.228*** | (0.131–0.395) | |
 | Hill Chhetri | 0.971 | (0.531–1.775) | 0.241*** | (0.149–0.382) | 0.991 | (0.539–1.808) | 0.235*** | (0.146–0.376) | |
 | Terai Brahmin/Chhetri | 1.593 | (0.684–3.709) | 0.501 | (0.186–1.290) | 1.554 | (0.667–3.617) | 0.499 | (0.192–1.303) | |
 | Madhesi | 0.629 | (0.331–1.196) | 0.658 | (0.409–1.046) | 0.656 | (0.344–1.244) | 0.653 | (0.406–1.044) | |
 | Hill Dalit | 2.161* | (1.152–4.052) | 0.226*** | (0.131–0.380) | 2.231* | (1.189–4.198) | 0.218*** | (0.127–0.375) | |
 | Newar | 2.252* | (1.119–4.531) | 0.183*** | (0.071–0.465) | 2.293* | (1.140–4.616) | 0.172*** | (0.067–0.441) | |
 | Hill Janajati | 2.577** | (1.423–4.669) | 0.141** | (0.085–0.237) | 2.634** | (1.446–4.752) | 0.139*** | (0.082–0.233) | |
 | Terai Janajati | 0.779 | (0.408–1.488) | 0.443** | (0.263–0.707) | 0.785 | (0.409–1.494) | 0.442** | (0.268–0.726) | |
 | Muslim | 0.845 | (0.393–1.818) | 0.924 | (0.516–1.637) | 0.846 | (0.392–1.817) | 0.938 | (0.521–1.668) | |
 | Other | 3.044 | (0.805–11.508) | 0.755 | (0.137–4.167) | 3.269 | (0.854–12.386) | 0.812 | (0.146–4.470) | |
Wealth Index | Poorest (Reference) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
Second Poorest | 1.511* | (1.103–2.071) | 0.576*** | (0.432–0.782) | 1.511* | (1.104–2.077) | 0.586*** | (0.436–0.791) | ||
 | Middle | 2.401*** | (1.757–3.282) | 0.441*** | (0.322–0.621) | 2.388*** | (1.746–3.269) | 0.444*** | (0.318–0.617) | |
 | Second Richest | 3.867*** | (2.783–5.374) | 0.453*** | (0.312–0.659) | 3.835*** | (2.763–5.349) | 0.453*** | (0.311–0.660) | |
 | Richest | 7.780*** | (5.520–10.964) | 0.283*** | (0.181–0.463) | 7.846*** | (5.553–11.061) | 0.292*** | (0.182–0.467) | |
Food Insecurity Score | 0.968* | (0.943–0.993) | 0.994 | (0.969–1.020) | 0.967* | (0.942–0.992) | 0.995 | (0.970–1.021) | ||
Decision Makin Score | 1.147*** | (1.058–1.243) | 0.887** | (0.815–0.970) | 1.148*** | (1.059–1.244) | 0.893** | (0.818–0.974) |