Table 2 Characteristics of reviewed studies
No | References | Study design | Population | Data source | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BCG vaccination status | COVID-19 data | |||||
1 | Escobar et al. (2020) [25] | Ecological study | USA, Europe | BCG World Atlas | Our World in Data | COVID-19 mortality |
2 | de Chaisemartin and de Chaisemartin (2021)Â [26] | Cohort | Sweden | Public Health Agency of Sweden | Public Health Agency of Sweden | COVID-19 morbidity |
3 | Chimoyi et al. (2020)Â [27] | Ecological study | 107 countries | BCG World Atlas | WHO Situation Report, Our World in Data | COVID-19 mortality |
4 | Wickramasinghe et al. (2020)Â [28] | Ecological study | 225 countries | BCG Atlas, WHO data on immunization coverage | Our World in Data | COVID-19 incidence and mortality |
5 | Szigeti et al. (2020)Â [29] | Ecological study | 68 countries | BCG World Atlas | Our World in Data | COVID-19 mortality, incidence, case fatality |
6 | Li (2021)Â [30] | Ecological study | Worldwide | Our World in Data | Our World in Data | COVID-19 morbidity and mortality |
7 | Berg et al. (2020)Â [31] | Ecological study | 135 countries | BCG World Atlas | Our World in Data | COVID-19 incidence and mortality |
8 | Ogimi et al. (2021)Â [32] | Ecological study | 140 countries | BCG World Atlas | Our World in Data | COVID-19 mortality |
9 | Ebina-Shibuya et al. (2020)Â [33] | Ecological study | 171 countries | BCG World Atlas | Worldometer | COVID-19 mortality |
10 | Brooks et al. (2021)Â [34] | Ecological study | 57 countries | BCG World Atlas | Our World in Data | COVID-19 mortality |
11 | Abdulah and Hassan (2021)Â [35] | Ecological study | 186 countries | WHO website | WHO Website | COVID-19 incidence and mortality |
12 | Rivas et al. (2021)Â [36] | Cohort | USA | Cedars-Sinai Medical Network | Cedars-Sinai Department of Pathology | Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-COV2 IgG, incidence of self-reported symptoms |
13 | Klinger et al. (2020)Â [37] | Ecological study | Worldwide | BCG World Atlas | Worldometer | COVID-19 deaths per million, cases per million, hospitalization with serious and critical conditions, recovered |