Table 3 Effects of BCG Vaccination on morbidity and mortality based on correlation
References | Statistical analysis | Variables | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
Wickramasinghe et al. (2020)Â [28] | Spearman correlation | BCG coverage COVID-19 cases and deaths per 100,000 | No significant correlation between BCG immunity and COVID-19 cases or deaths per 100,000 |
Szigeti et al. (2020)Â [29] | Spearman correlation | BCG vaccination Daily rates of COVID-19 case fatality | No significant correlation between year of BCG policy establishment and mortality rates |
Li (2021)Â [30] | Pearson's correlation | BCG vaccination rates Diphtheria tetanus toxoid and pertussis immunization (DTP) COVID-19 death | Highly significant inverse correlation between BCG vaccination rate and COVID-19 deaths; no significant correlation between DTP vaccination and COVID-19 deaths |
Klinger et al. (2020)Â [37] | Pearson's correlation | BCG administration years COVID-19 death and cases per million | Strong negative correlation between deaths and cases per million and years of BCG administration |