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Table 2 Association between CVD and candidate factors in unadjusted models and adjusted model

From: Machine learning identifies prominent factors associated with cardiovascular disease: findings from two million adults in the Kashgar Prospective Cohort Study (KPCS)

Factors

Unadjusted model

(n = 1,887,710)

Adjusted modela

(n = 1,887,710)

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

Sex

    

Man

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Woman

1.07 (1.06–1.08)

< 0.0001

1.15 (1.14–1.16)

< 0.0001

Age (year)

    

18–45

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

45–65

2.71 (2.68–2.74)

< 0.0001

2.01 (1.98–2.03)

< 0.0001

≥ 65

4.26 (4.20–4.32)

< 0.0001

2.99 (2.94–3.04)

< 0.0001

Ethnicity

    

Uyghur nationality

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Han nationality

1.12 (1.09–1.16)

< 0.0001

1.03 (1.00-1.07)

0.0470

Other

1.29 (1.23–1.35)

< 0.0001

1.09 (1.03–1.15)

0.0040

Residential setting

    

Rural

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Urban

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

0.0006

1.03 (1.02–1.05)

< 0.0001

Economic status

    

Poor household

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Non-poor household

1.04 (1.03–1.05)

< 0.0001

1.05 (1.04–1.07)

< 0.0001

Education level

    

Years of schooling > 9

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Years of schooling ≤ 9

1.23 (1.21–1.26)

< 0.0001

1.23 (1.21–1.26)

< 0.0001

Occupation

    

Unemployed

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Worker

2.49 (2.42–2.56)

< 0.0001

2.81 (2.73–2.89)

< 0.0001

Farmer

0.73 (0.72–0.75)

< 0.0001

0.78 (0.76–0.80)

< 0.0001

Office clerk

0.63 (0.61–0.66)

< 0.0001

0.79 (0.76–0.82)

< 0.0001

Other

0.51 (0.50–0.53)

< 0.0001

0.62 (0.60–0.64)

< 0.0001

Smoking status

    

Non-smokers

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Current smokers

1.05 (1.03–1.06)

< 0.0001

1.19 (1.17–1.22)

< 0.0001

Former smokers

1.54 (1.49–1.59)

< 0.0001

1.29 (1.24–1.34)

< 0.0001

Alcohol use

    

Non-drinkers

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Ever-drinkers

1.26 (1.23–1.28)

< 0.0001

1.27 (1.24–1.30)

< 0.0001

Exercise frequency

    

7 days/week

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

1–6 days/week

1.19 (1.13–1.24)

< 0.0001

1.17 (1.11–1.23)

< 0.0001

< 1 day/week

1.12 (1.08–1.16)

< 0.0001

1.06 (1.02–1.10)

0.0030

No exercise

1.61 (1.58–1.64)

< 0.0001

1.60 (1.57–1.63)

< 0.0001

Dietary pattern

    

Omnivore diet

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Plant-heavy diet

1.28 (1.25–1.30)

< 0.0001

1.37 (1.34–1.39)

< 0.0001

Meat-heavy diet

1.20 (1.16–1.23)

< 0.0001

1.23 (1.20–1.27)

< 0.0001

Weight group

    

Normal weight

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Overweight or obesity

1.48 (1.46–1.49)

< 0.0001

1.08 (1.07–1.09)

< 0.0001

Diabetes

    

No

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Yes

2.34 (2.29–2.38)

< 0.0001

1.37 (1.34–1.40)

< 0.0001

Hypertension

    

No

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Yes

3.83 (3.78–3.87)

< 0.0001

2.59 (2.56–2.63)

< 0.0001

Hypercholesterolemia

    

No

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Yes

1.42 (1.41–1.44)

< 0.0001

1.08 (1.06–1.09)

< 0.0001

Hypertriglyceridemia

    

No

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

Yes

1.37 (1.35–1.38)

< 0.0001

1.07 (1.05–1.08)

< 0.0001

  1. Abbreviations: CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio
  2. aAll factors were incorporated into the model to adjust for each other
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