Non-communicable disease burden among inpatients at a rural district hospital in Malawi

Table 5 Criteria associated with in-hospital mortality

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variable	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p value
Age, years (per year)	1.03 (1.02, 1.04)	< 0.001	1.02 (1.01, 1.03)	< 0.001
Female sex (reference: male sex)	0.5 (0.3, 0.8)	0.003	0.5 (0.3, 0.8)	0.01
IC3-enrolled (reference: non-enrolled)	4.2 (2.4, 7.2)	< 0.001
Rainy season admission (reference: dry season admission)	0.9 (0.6, 1.4)	0.77
SIRS on admission (reference: no SIRS on admission)	2.5 (1.6, 3.9)	< 0.001	1.7 (1.0, 2.8)	0.06
Hypoxia (oxygen saturation < 90%) on admission (reference: no hypoxia on admission)	4.4 (2.2, 8.6)	< 0.001	3.6 (1.6, 8.0)	0.002
Hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg) on admission (reference: no hypotension on admission)	7.7 (4.1, 14.5)	< 0.001	3.8 (1.8, 8.0)	0.001
HIV diagnosis (reference: HIV negative)	4.5 (2.9, 7.1)	< 0.001	2.8 (1.6, 5.0)	< 0.001
TB diagnosis (reference: TB negative)	6.5 (3.6, 11.8)	< 0.001	2.3 (1.1, 4.9)	0.02
Malaria diagnosis (reference: malaria negative)	0.3 (0.1, 0.6)	0.002
Surgery during hospiatlization (reference: no surgery)	0.1 (0.01, 0.6)	0.02	0.2 (0.02, 1.2)	0.08
Medical NCD diagnosis (reference: no medical NCD diagnosis)	3.4 (2.2, 5.3)	< 0.001	1.9 (1.1, 3.3)	0.03
Number of medical NCD diagnoses (per unit)	2.0 (1.5, 2.6)	< 0.001
Burns diagnosis (reference: no burns diagnosis)	1.8 (0.4, 7.7)	0.42
Trauma diagnosis (reference: no trauma diagnosis)	0.3 (0.1, 0.9)	0.04

Logistic regression findings for factors associated with patient in-hospital mortality, with both univariate and multivariate findings
CI Confidence interval, IC3 Integrated chronic care clinic, SIRS Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SBP Systolic blood pressure, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, TB Tuberculosis, NCD Non-communicable disease

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