Table 6 Pre-retirement impacts on mental health

Corresponding IVnormal

0.255

(0.003)***

0.122

(0.002)***

0.040

(0.002)***

0.016

(0.002)***

Corresponding IVearly

0.191

(0.003)***

0.166

(0.003)***

0.072

(0.002)***

0.011

(0.002)***

Retired (β)

− 0.166

(0.071)*

Retired lead 1 (λ1)

− 0.313

(0.121)**

Retired lead 2 (λ2)

− 0.232

(0.305)

Retired lead 3 (λ3)

− 2.116

(1.249)

Age

0.021

0.023

0.016

− 0.000

− 0.187

(0.003)***

(0.003)***

(0.002)***

(0.002)

(0.028)***

Age × Age

− 0.000

(0.000)***

− 0.000

(0.000)***

− 0.000

(0.000)***

− 0.000

(0.000)***

0.001

(0.000)**

Marital status

0.008

0.001

− 0.000

− 0.003

− 0.581

(0.005)

(0.004)

(0.003)

(0.003)

(0.036)***

Number of children

− 0.003

0.000

− 0.001

0.001

0.019

(0.002)*

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.011)

Vigorous activities

0.002

0.001

0.000

0.001

0.051

(0.001)***

(0.001)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.005)***

Moderate activities

− 0.006

− 0.002

0.000

− 0.000

0.135

(0.001)***

(0.001)*

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.007)***

GDP growth

− 0.001

− 0.001

0.002

0.000

− 0.000

(0.000)*

(0.000)**

(0.000)***

(0.000)

(0.004)

Unemployment rate

− 0.006

(0.000)***

− 0.004

(0.000)***

− 0.002

(0.000)***

− 0.001

(0.000)***

0.005

(0.002)*

Constant

− 0.209

0.055

0.239

1.097

11.926

(0.174)

(0.153)

(0.123)

(0.113)***

(1.650)***

F-test

3.68***

6.83***

12.71***

16.69***

Weak identification test

Cragg-Donald Wald F statistic

6394.216

3666.48

794.32

57.40

Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values

10% maximal IV size

19.93

19.93

19.93

19.93

15% maximal IV size

11.59

11.59

11.59

11.59

20% maximal IV size

8.75

8.75

8.75

8.75

25% maximal IV size

7.25

7.25

7.25

7.25

Weak-instrument-robust inference

Anderson-Rubin Wald test-F

10.38***

15.70***

13.93***

9.01***

Anderson-Rubin Wald test-Chi-sq(2)

20.76***

31.41***

27.87***

18.03***

N

175,722

175,722

175,722

175,722

173,510