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Table 3 Mean score regarding the main indicators in the Mapping of HTA Instrument and single-factor analysis results after PSM

From: Mapping of health technology assessment in China: a comparative study between 2016 and 2021

Item

Mean score (SD)

Statistics†

in 2016 (n = 183)

in 2021 (n = 183)

I. Institutionalization (n = 116, in 2016; n = 130, in 2021)

   

 1. Interest in HTA expressed by government/policy makers which can be retrieved in official documents

1.78 (0.80)

2.22 (0.77)

− 4.455**

 2. Commitment toward HTA from government/policy makers and it is expressed in official documents

1.38 (0.95)

1.63 (0.90)

− 2.134*

 3. Public money (funding) is allocated to HTA as expressed in official documents

1.26 (0.92)

1.22 (0.94)

0.365

 4. Willingness to commit public money (funding) to HTA as expressed in official documents

1.13 (0.98)

1.17 (0.93)

− 0.330

 5. Support for HTA from several stakeholders as expressed in publicly available documents

1.90 (0.87)

2.27 (0.61)

− 3.856**

 6. Organizational structure and institutional set-up in place

1.26 (0.90)

1.50 (1.04)

− 1.952

 7. International network strategy available

1.76 (0.87)

1.85 (0.60)

− 0.988

 8. Availability of human resource development

1.81 (0.82)

2.17 (0.88)

− 3.289**

II. Identification

   

 1. Monitoring system(s) to identify technologies in need of assessment in place

1.98 (1.02)

1.51 (1.10)

4.237**

 2. Other activities involving identification are performed

1.99 (0.89)

1.98 (0.76)

0.127

III. Priority setting

   

 1. Explicit and transparent criteria and procedures

1.99 (0.91)

1.92 (0.68)

0.915

 2. Process reflects the goals of the program

2.11 (0.86)

2.01 (0.76)

1.222

 3. Stakeholder involvement is included

2.18 (0.95)

2.21 (0.77)

− 0.363

 4. Information on priorities is set

2.08 (0.94)

1.89 (0.82)

2.144*

 5. System(s) in place to review the international evidence base to set

   

priorities

1.96 (0.77)

1.55 (0.66)

5.484**

 6. Processes and outcomes of priority setting are evaluated

2.05 (0.85)

2.10 (0.65)

− 0.622

IV. Assessment

   

 1. Do the goal and scope of HTAs have a clear description of the following?

   

  (a) Healthcare problem(s)

1.80 (0.70)

1.55 (0.72)

3.472*

  (b) Patient population

1.93 (0.72)

1.58 (0.75)

4.632**

  (c) Practitioners or users

2.05 (0.76)

1.89 (0.70)

2.074*

  (d) Healthcare setting(s)

1.92 (0.72)

1.88 (0.61)

0.630

 2. Do HTAs include alternative technologies?

   

  (a) Description and technical characteristics of health technology under study, its alternatives, and current use

2.05 (0.53)

1.83 (0.45)

4.469**

 3. Do HTAs assess the following?

   

  (a) Safety and clinical effectiveness

1.48 (0.58)

1.27 (0.48)

3.725**

  (b) Cost and cost-effectiveness

1.72 (0.72)

1.49 (0.56)

3.391*

  (c) Ethical analysis

2.02 (0.91)

2.12 (0.80)

− 1.102

  (d) Organizational analysis

2.03 (0.92)

2.23 (0.72)

− 2.408*

  (e) Social-cultural aspects

2.09 (1.03)

2.03 (1.01)

0.514

  (f) Legal aspects

1.98 (0.86)

2.01 (0.63)

− 0.415

 4. Do HTAs incorporate standardized methods?

   

  (a) Collection of new primary data

1.92 (0.73)

1.84 (0.94)

0.937

  (b) Performance of systematic review or meta-analysis

1.84 (0.74)

1.56 (0.55)

4.017**

  (c) Literature searches using key HTA databases

1.88 (0.72)

1.72 (0.55)

2.454*

  (d) Classify and critically appraise the quality of the available studies

1.98 (0.75)

1.90 (0.51)

1.303

 5. Do HTAs address generalizability and transferability?

   

  (a) Addressing generalizability and transferability

2.3 (0.56)

2.23 (0.66)

0.944

V. Appraisal

   

 1. Explicit, transparent, and replicable process

1.98 (0.86)

2.24 (0.63)

− 3.279*

 2. Specification of stakeholder involvement

2.13 (0.90)

2.21 (0.73)

− 1.024

 3. Mechanism(s) for appeal

2.06 (1.11)

1.90 (1.06)

1.397

VI. Reporting

   

 1.reporting

   

  (a) Use of guideline

2.28 (0.65)

2.34 (0.72)

− 0.912

 2. Number of reports

   

  (a) Over the last year‡

2.93 (1.01)

2.70 (0.71)

2.564*

  (b) Reports related to NRDL over the last year‡

3.09 (1.35)

3.09 (0.89)

0.000

VII. Dissemination of findings and conclusions

   

 1. Timeliness

   

  (a) HTA report is disseminated to decision makers before decision making

2.38 (0.82)

2.15 (0.79)

2.726*

 2. Dissemination strategy

   

  (a) Content, target audience, and method of communication

2.08 (0.83)

2.28 (0.72)

− 2.493*

  (b) Differentiate strategies for different subjects

2.08 (0.83)

2.34 (0.63)

− 3.325*

  (c) Involvement of advisory groups

1.93 (0.77)

2.10 (0.68)

− 2.308*

VIII. Implementation in policy and practice

   

 1. Informing policy and practice

   

  (a) Existence of an administrative framework or link to regulatory process

2.42 (0.70)

2.37 (0.63)

0.628

  (b) Availability of one or more implementation plans

2.42 (0.61)

2.30 (0.76)

1.746

 2. Measuring HTA impact

   

  (a) System(s) in place to monitor and evaluate the impact of HTA

2.38 (0.92)

2.33 (0.97)

0.442

  1. * < 0.05, ** < 0.001
  2. †Statistics of Student t-test
  3. ‡The two indicators are different with other indicators in the scores (0–3), which range from 0 to 4
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Global Health Research and Policy

ISSN: 2397-0642

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